Background and objective: Echerichia coli (E.coli) a coccobacillus from enterobacteriaceae family causes different diseases in human, and is the most common gram- negative bacterium, causing urinary tract infection. It can also produce bacteremia, gallbladder and billiary tract, gastrointestinal and wound infection. Although E.coli is known as an antibiotic- sensitive bacterium, it's resistance has been increased during past decade.Material and methods: This study was performed on 1042 positive cultures for E.coli at four laboratories: Shahid Rahnemoon hospital (Yazd), Afshar hospital (Yazd), Ziaie hospital (Ardakan) and central laboratory (Meibod). Data was collected by completing the questionnaires which then analyzed by SPSS software, using chi- square and extended fishers exact test.Results: In this study, sensitivity of E.coli was at the highest rate to ciprofloxacin (89%), ceftriaxone (86.6%) and chloramphenicol (76.1%), and the highest rate of resistance was to vancomycin (93.1 %) and ampicillin (65.2%). In this survey, the sensitivity rate of samples was different according to the geographic area and clinical isolates. Conclusion: Pattern of antibiotic resistance was different in different areas and clinical samples and this subject requires further studies in the future.

Diclofenac sodium (DCF), 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzene acetic acid, monosodium salt is widely used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with high consumption. It therefore presents a serious risk to both human health and the environment and is among the pharmaceuticals that are most commonly found in aqueous effluents. In this study, a novel magnetic biosorbent (M-EColi) was successfully prepared by immobilizing Escherichia coli (E.coli) on nano-sized magnetic iron oxides, and its efficacy in DCF biosorption was investigated. To determine the characterization of the synthesized M-EColi biosorbents, Vibrational Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy Fourier Transform İnfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses were performed and the effects of contact time, temperature, biosorbent dose and initial DCF concentration on the biosorption process were investigated. Isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic calculations were performed to determine which mechanism is consistent with biosorption. It was found that the DCF biosorption on M-EColi corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm and the biosorption kinetics corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic analyses indicate that the biosorption of DCF on the M-EColi nano-sorbent is physical. The maximum biosorption capacity was found to be 46.01±0.12 mg/g.

Background: A 57-year-old Iranian woman with a 4-day history of fever, malaise, and disorientation is presented. Signs of meningeal irritation were evident on examination. The patient’s medical history was remarkable for diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with several admissions to hospital. Ampicilin, ceftriaxon, and vancomycin were administered for possible bacterial meningitis. A brain CT scan without contrast was unremarkable. Analysis of CSF revealed compatible values for bacterial meningitis. Culture of urine and CSF samples led to isolation of E. coli. The patient's clinical condition showed no improvement after 3 days. Four days following hospitalization, re-culture of CSF sample again produced positive result for E. coli. Using disk diffusion method, the isolate was found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and imipenem but sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Ceftriaxone was replaced by IV ciprofloxacin plus ceftazidime. The results of repeated analyses of CSF were indicative of clinical improvement with negative result for CSF culture. Ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were continued for a total of 21 days. The patient remained asymptomatic with no recurrence.

Background and Objectives: Serratia is a gram-negative bacterium. The pigmentation property of Serratia Marcescens is used as a marker of dust particles in the environment and in the hospital. Today biopigments are also widely used in the manufacture and production of pharmaceutical products. Prodigiosin is a promising drug due to its reported properties of antifungal immunosuppressive and antiproliferative activities. In the present study, cloning of pig gene-isolated from Serratia Marcescens in Ecoli XL1blue was performed. Subjects and Methods 60 Samples were taken from clinical sources of patients hospitalized with urinary tract infections in Saveh Hospitals. Serratia Marcescens were identified and isolated by different tests. The pig gene was cloned by T-A cloning using PTG-19 vector into the Escherichia coli XL1blue as host. Expression of cloned gene in recombinant colonies was evaluated by Real time PCR. The phylogenetic tree was plotted using clustalX and Mega5 software Results Screening of samples identified 12 isolates of Serratia Marcescens from then 4 isolates had pig gene. Expression of Pig gene in Escherichia coli XL1blue was confirmed by Real-Tima PCR. As a result of phylogenetic studies, some close relatives of serratia have been identified as candidates for further studies Conclusion Serratia Marcescens can be considered as a rich source of pigments with many applications and can be used as indigenous strains to produce Prodigiosin.

Background: The development of rapid and effective tools for the identification and quantitation of E. coli is of extreme importance in food analysis, environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics.Methods: The biosensor developed in this work is based on electrochemistry reactions. Therefore, the layout of the sensor is patterned as a two-electrode configuration, working electrode (WE) and reference electrode (RE). The RE were prepared by mixing 1.20 g of graphite powder, which had been heated at 700oC in a muffle furnace for 15 s, with 800 mL of paraffin oil with a mortar and pestle. A WE was prepared in a similar fashion, except that the graphite powder was mixed with a desired weight of bacteriophage. Both RE and WE pastes were packed into a polyethylene tube (2.5 mm diameter), the tip of which had been cut off. Electrical contact to the paste was established via inserting a copper wire thorough flank.Results: Electrochemical experiments were carried out with an electrochemical interface LCR meter as a signal transducer and an electrochemical cell that contains the two-electrode system. The E. coli trapping on bacteriophage was reported by capacitance measurements. Conclusion: In this work, we have successfully fabricated an electrochemical biosensor with bacteriophage electrodes on a paste substrate. The proposed sensors have good characteristics such as; low detection limit, wide concentration, fast response time and good selectivity coefficient for Escherichia coli detection.